To promise or affirm earnestly, as after being doubted, To participate in a public demonstration in opposition to something, To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow, transitive verb_ To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to, To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to display, To object to, verb_ utter words of protest, express opposition through action or words, affirm or avow formally or solemnly, noun_ the act of making a strong public expression of disagreement and disapproval, a formal and solemn declaration of objection, A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary